我们上一次的讲座是《主日崇拜导论》。我们讲过什么是敬拜，敬拜包括哪些的心灵的动作，特别是主日崇拜包括哪一些的项目或者元素。这些都讲完了。在上次结束的时候，我们留了一段没有讲的，就是上一次的讲义里面的第四部分。Last seminar we began by asking the question what is worship，and then we looked at the heart acts of worship，and finally the elements of a worship service. We left one section for tonight that is section four，the substance of worship. And that is biblical or covenant theology（圣经神学或者圣约神学）。
I’m going to very briefly touch on this section four， because we’re gonna use the material to show us how this is used in two of the most recent orders worship here at this church。我们很快地走过第四段，然后进入到今天晚上的讲义。因为这里所讲的神学或者圣经神学，我们马上就会用在解释最近的两次的崇拜程序是怎么样设计的。How these orders of worship were designed？Biblical doctrine includes the following:圣经的教义包括这些的教义:1，the Doctrine of the Word of God，圣言论，What does it mean that God，What does it mean God speaks personally his word to us?神亲自地讲祂的话向我们是什么意思呢？No.2，Doctrine of God，第二，神论，Who is God？What is God，神是什么？神是谁？No.3，the Doctrine of man，第三，人论，Is man free？人自由吗？No.4，and we will expand on this number four in tonight’s notes，第四是今天晚上的讲义里面会再扩大的，the Doctrine of the covenant of grace，恩典之约，圣约论。No.5，the Doctrine of Christ，第五，基督论，Who is Jesus Christ？And what did he do？基督是谁？祂做了什么？Page fifteen，the Doctrine of the work of Christ continued，继续讲基督论，the work of atonement or salvation，祂的赎罪大工。And then No.7，the Doctrine of the work of holy spirit，圣灵的工作，圣灵论。
let’s go back to number one，我们回到第一点，the Doctrine of the Word of God，圣言论。Here we’re not going to talk about the Bible is inspired by God and is inerrant，et cetera，今天晚上我们不是讨论圣经是神所默示的，是无谬无误的，We believe this. 我们是相信这个的。What I want to highlight is，我今天晚上要突出的是，The word of God is a means of grace，神的话是一个恩具，means of grace恩具。That means that the word of God is one method how God gives us faith and increases our faith.意思就是说上帝的话圣经，是神所用的其中一个方法，产生我们的信心，也使我们的信心坚强、成长。
And the word of God does that when we read his word， listen to his word being read and listen to it being preached，当我们读经或者听教会里面读圣经，听讲道的时候，上帝的话会产生这个果效的，It creates faith and it increases faith.产生信心，使信心长大。
No.2，The doctrine of God ，第二，神论，I very quickly went through this catechism question two evenings ago.前天晚上我很快地走过这段的要理问答，shorter catechism question four，小要理第四问，What is God？God is Spirit.神是什么？神是个灵。That means that God does not need a body，意思就是说神是不需要有一个身体的，Infinite， eternal and unchangeable.神是无穷无限的、永恒的、不能变的。God is eternal，神是永恒的，that means that He is lord who rules over time.神是掌权管理时间的。God is infinite神是无限的，that means more than God is everywhere，无限不仅仅是神是无所不在，God is lord ruling over everywhere all space.神是掌主权的主，掌管所有的无所不在的空间。So God is lord over time and space，神是时间和空间的主，is eternal and infinite.祂是永恒的、无限的。Now His wisdom，power，holiness ， justice， goodness or love and truth are all infinite and eternal，祂的智慧，对不起，祂的智慧、权能、圣洁、公义、爱或者美善和真理，都是永恒的和无穷尽的，and unchangeable也是不能变。
Here you have three adjectives that describe about six nouns.这里有六个名词都用三个形容词来形容的。For example，God’s goodness，His love，祂的美善、祂的爱，His love is infinite， is eternal and unchangeable. 祂的爱是永恒的、无限的、不变的。And by the way， his love is also a wise love， a powerful love， a holy love， and a righteous love and a love according to truth.祂的爱是智慧的爱、有大能的爱、圣洁的爱、公义的爱、按照真理所表达的爱。So every attribute describes every other attribute of God.每一个属性都在形容其他的属性的。God is a trinity，神是三位一体的，Father Son and Spirit.父、子、灵。And therefore，we worship all three persons，所以我们敬拜每一个位格的，sometimes together， sometimes separately.有的时候一起，有的时候分开来，向祂们每一个表达我们的敬拜。
What are God’s acts in the world？神在世界上做了什么作为呢？What are God’s acts in the world are exactly the decrees that he predestined before he created the world，上帝在世界上所做的就是祂预定好要做的，creation，providence and redemption.创造、护理和救赎。
What is man？人是什么？Page fourteen，14页。Is man free？人自由吗？Yes，he was when he was created，他被创造的时候是的，he has the freedom and the ability to obey God.他有自由也有能力顺服神。But when Adam sin and mankind fell，但是亚当犯罪了，人类堕落了，then man and woman lost that freedom and ability，人就失去了这个自由和能力，man can no longer obey God and doesn’t have that ability anymore.人没有能力去顺服神了。But when Christ redeems a person and the Holy Spirit rebirths him，但是当耶稣基督救一个人，圣灵重生一个人的时候，this person regains his freedom and ability to obey God，这个人就再次恢复顺服神的自由跟能力，and of course he will have this full ability in heaven when he’s glorified.当然到了天上他得到荣耀的时候，完全就有这个自由跟能力了。
We skip the covenant for now，暂时我不谈恩典之约，Let’s go on to Christ.我们来讲基督。Christ is God，Christ is man.基督是神，基督是人。He is God completely，完全是神，He is man completely，完全是人，except he doesn’t have any sin.除了祂完全无罪。This is very important when we come to designing a worship service.这个是很重要的当我们来设计崇拜的时候。Jesus is God，so we worship him.耶稣是神，所以我们敬拜祂。Jesus Christ is properly the object of worship，敬拜基督是正当的，because He is God just as the Father is God the Spirit is God.耶稣就是神，就等于圣父是神，圣灵是神。But Jesus Christ is also man，human.耶稣基督也是人。God the Son took on human nature two thousand years ago，两千年前神的儿子第二个位格穿上了人性，and He became God-man.祂成为神人。As God-man He lived，suffered，died and rose again.作为神人祂降生，受苦，死，复活。Today Jesus Christ is in heaven as a God-man，今天在天上的耶稣基督是神人来的，and as God-man he will return one day to judge the world.作为神人有一天要回来审判世界的。Now why is it important that we say that Jesus as man is in heaven？First of all Jesus is still man and he is in heaven.为什么很重要，我们说耶稣基督今天仍然是人，而且在天上?It means that He is sympathetic to our needs，祂同情我们的软弱跟需要，He is praying for us.祂为我们祷告。So we sing hymn like What a Friend We Have in Jesus，我们唱“何等恩友”对不对？We sing hymn like No One Ever Cared for Me Like Jesus，我们唱“没有人像基督那样子照顾我”。But that’s because He is man，today in heaven He is still man，那是因为今天祂在天上仍然是人，He is also God.也是神。also man，仍然是人。
Two natures，one person.两个性：神性、人性；一位：耶稣基督。There’s only one Jesus， only one Son of God.耶稣只有一位，神的儿子只有一位。He is the second person of the Trinity.祂是三位一体第二位。Where is He now？Heaven.祂在哪里？今天在天上。So we sing hymn，He lives He lives，Christ Jesus lives today.我们唱：祂活着，祂活着。Where is He alive？祂在哪里活着？In heaven.在天上。Then how can you sing that he walks with me and talks with me？那你怎么能够唱祂与我同行，与我共话呢？Because the God-man Jesus sends the Holy Spirit of the third person to earth。因为神人耶稣基督差遣圣灵来在地上。When the Holy Spirit talks with me and walks with me，it is the same as Jesus Christ talks with me and walks with me.当圣灵与我共话同行，就等于耶稣基督跟我一同讲话，一同走这条路。So Jesus is here，耶稣在这里，talks with me，跟我讲话，walks with me.跟我走路。How？怎么跟我讲话走路的？The Holy Spirit圣灵。So we need to make this very clear so that as reform people we stress the doctrine of God and that sovereignty of God，我们需要很清楚因为我们是改革宗的，我们常常讲神的主权，the Sovereignty of Jesus Christ.耶稣基督的主权。But Jesus is also man，priest，sympathetic to our weaknesses.但是耶稣也是人，我们的大祭司，同情我们的软弱的。Yes，as God He forgives our sins，是的，祂是神，赦免我们的罪，and prays for us，为我们祷告，in heaven.在天上为我们祷告。But on earth Jesus is working，I’m sorry，on earth Jesus is alive and working.但是在地上耶稣是活的，在做工。How？怎么做工的？Through the Holy Spirit.透过圣灵。
Alright，now the doctrine of salvation，page fifteen.救赎论，第六点，第十五页。There are several keywords that describe what Jesus did on the cross.耶稣在十字架上做了什么？有几个很重要的字。One word is ransom，其中一个字（这里没有打出来）是赎价，it’s like a master paying a price to buy a slave.好像主人付出赎价买了一个奴隶，那个赎价，ransom。Atonement赎罪，Atonement means Jesus Christ Solved the problem of sin，耶稣解决了罪的问题，that is what the word of atonement means.赎罪是这个意思。But there is another word propitiation，但是还有另外一个字的，挽回祭，Romans Chapter 3 Verse 24 and 25，罗马书第三章24、25节，First John 2：1and 2.约翰一书第二章一跟二节。Atonement means Jesus Christ Solved our problem，赎罪的意思是耶稣解决我们的问题，and our problem is sin.我们的问题是罪。
Propitiation however，但是挽回祭means that Jesus solved God’s problem.耶稣解决神的问题。What is God’s problem？Anger over sin，神的问题是祂向罪发怒，and anger against sinners.向罪人发怒。Well，Jesus stopped the father’s anger that’s what the word propitiation means.耶稣平息父神的愤怒，这个是挽回祭的意思。So therefore因此，We can sing this is my father’s world，所以我们可以唱这是我的天父的世界，He is my father.是我的天父。Because Jesus has satisfied the holy demands and has turned the Father’s anger away，耶稣满足了父神圣洁的要求，平息了父神的愤怒，and so therefore God is reconciled to us.所以神与我们和好。Not only we are reconciled to God，不单是我们与神和好，God is reconciled with us.神与我们和好。And then when the Holy Spirit comes into our lifes，当圣灵进到我们的生命的时候，these are some of the things He does.下面是祂所作的工作。Calling呼召，that means the Holy Spirit and word of God grabs hold of us.圣灵与神的话抓住了我们的生命。The word calling is a little bit like summons，in Malaysia summon，in America ticket.罚单OK。What is a summon？summons，罚单是什么东西？It means that the court says you violate the law，the court says you come to court.这个罚单的意思就是说，法庭说你犯了这条法律，来，我们吩咐你来法庭。When the father calls us，当上帝呼召我们的时候，He uses the Holy Spirit and his word，神用圣灵还用祂的话，to get hold of us，so that we cannot run away we will show up in court except this time we show up in God’s family.上帝的话抓住了我们，我们不能不来的，我们今天不是来法庭，是来到神的家里面。
Repentance and faith，悔改、信心，now we and our church here have an item prayer of repentance every Sunday.我们教会有一项认罪悔改的项目，每一个星期都有的。What is true Repentance？什么是真的悔改？Repentance is not regret and being afraid， because we did something wrong and we’re afraid of the consequences.悔改不是怕我们犯罪做错了事，怕承担后果。Repentance is sorrow over sin because we sin against God.悔改是因为我得罪了上帝而忧伤。And that of course involves confessing，admitting that my sin is sin against God，所以这个就包含了认罪，我们承认我们的罪是得罪神的，we are sorrowful over it，我们为此忧伤，and hate our sin，恨恶罪，turn from sin，转离罪，and we tell God：I am committing myself to obey you to be holy and not to sin again.我们跟神说：我奉献自己不再犯罪，过顺服圣洁的生活。All of this is involved in repentance.悔改包括这么多东西的。And so when we sing hymns of repentance，所以当我们唱这些悔改的圣诗的时候，that’s why we try to choose hymns that include many of these aspects of repentance.所以我们选的诗歌讲到悔改的时候，是要很完整地讲悔改的。
Example譬如说，Rock of ages《万古盘石》，and “It is well with my Soul”verse two，《我心灵有平安》第二节。“Not what these hands have done”，另外一首的认罪的诗歌，and so on.What is faith？什么是信心？Faith is to trust in Jesus Christ.信心是信靠耶稣基督。It is a gift that Holy Spirit gives us，faith is a gift.信心是神所赐的，是圣灵所赐的。We trust Jesus for salvation，我们信耶稣救我们，because God offers Him，God invites us，commands us to trust in Christ in the Gospel.因为神在福音里面邀请我们，吩咐我们，来亲近来信靠耶稣基督。And so faith is commitment.所以信心是一个的奉献、一个的委身。