主日崇拜导论：实用圣经神学2中英b

主讲：林慈信牧师_校对：刘加立弟兄_英文：陈弟兄_文字：赵思奇姐妹

The purpose of public worship，公共敬拜的目的，No.1，most importantly the glory of God，bring glory to God.最重要的目的荣耀上帝，把荣耀归给上帝。There are two other purposes，还有两个目的，to build up，to teach，to encourage believers，鼓励信徒，造就信徒，教导信徒，and the second one is to bring people from outside into the church.第二，是把外面的人带进教会。For example baptism，譬如说洗礼，we generally call it edification and evangelism.简单说造就和传福音。All three are related：这三方面是密切地相关的：worship，edification，evangelism.敬拜、造就、传福音。Worship，we face God.敬拜，朝向神。Edification，we face one another.造就，我们彼此面对。Evangelism，we face the world.传福音，我们面对世界、世人。You can say that all three are included in worship.我们可以说三样都在崇拜里面。Worship is in worship，edification is in worship，evangelism is in worship.在崇拜里面有敬拜，在崇拜里面有造就，在崇拜里面有传福音。And by the way，fellowship as well，交通团契也有的，especially through our offerings.特别是透过我们的奉献。

Page 6 very quickly now we get into section one.我们很快进入到第一部分。What do we do in our hearts when we worship God？我们敬拜神的时候我们心里面在做什么事情的？Five things.五件事。No.1，we praise God.第一，我们赞美上帝。No.2，we repent of our sins，第二，我们认罪悔改，and I give a definition of repentance here，from the short catechism question 87.在这里我放了这个小要理问答第87问的悔改的定义。We also hear the reading and the preaching of the word of God.第三，我们听神的话，我们听读经，我们听讲道。No.4，we give thanks.第四，我们感恩。No.5，in fellowship with the other people we pray for others.第五，在我们交通团契的生活中我们为别人祷告。So these are the acts from the heart：这些是从我们心里面要做的事：praise，赞美，repentance，悔改，responding to the word of God，回应神的话，giving thanks to God，感谢上帝，and in fellowship with others praying for one another.最后第五，交通团契的生活，彼此代祷。

No.2，section two，第二段，Who are the worshipers？谁在敬拜？Well，this gets us into the contemporary scene and the conflicts and controversies today.那这一个问题就带我们进到今天的争执论战。There are two answers to this question.这个问题有两个答案。No.1，everybody owns worship.每一个人敬拜崇拜都属于他的。For example，in the middle ages in a Catholic church，譬如说在中世纪天主教，and even in some eastern Orthodox churches today，还有今天某一些的东正教，I went to India and I saw some of the churches that supposedly the Apostle Thomas started，我去印度看到一些传说是多马开始的教会，they have a curtain.它们有一个幕。And in the old times，communion is conducted behind the curtain.在早期教会圣餐是在这个墓后面进行的。You can hear，you cannot see.你只能够听到，你看不到的。In any case it is the priests and the choir that worship God，you just watch.神父或者祭师和诗班敬拜上帝，别人全部是观看的。So even today in Chinese，when you say you go to Mass you say“望弥撒”.所以今天华人天主教徒去教堂说我去望去看弥撒的。

Well，Martin Luther and Calvin and so on brought the worship service back to the people.马丁·路德、加尔文等等把崇拜还给会众。Including the Anglicans，包括圣公会，you see the Anglican prayer book is called the book of common prayer，1549， second edition 1552.圣公会的那本祷告文呢，叫做公祷书，公共的公，1549年，第二版1552年。The word common，公祷书的“公”那个字，means it’s common property of everybody.就是说大家共有的。The worship service belongs to everybody，崇拜是属于整个会众的，everybody open their mouth and pray and sing.每个人都可以开口祷告唱诗的。But protestants have gone to another extreme about a hundred years ago or two hundred years ago.但是我们基督教在100、200年前呢，就走到另外一个极端。Yes，the service belongs to the people，是的，崇拜是属于会众，but then the Pastor’s role shrank considerably，但是牧师的角色就大大地缩小了，his job is to preach a sermon and give the benediction.他的工作就是讲道、祝福。

There is a chairman in Chinese churches this word does not appear in England or America，我们华人教会有个主席的，这个英国、美国没有这个东西的，mostly independent churches.都是独立教会才有的。And everybody does everything except preach the sermon and benediction.除了讲道祝福以外，所有弟兄姐妹都可以做所有其他的项目的。A more contemporary example of that，再到当代的这个阶段的一个很好的例子，is the worship team in the contemporary praise and worship movement，就是在当代敬拜赞美那个赞美团队，the pastor almost disappears，牧师差不多消失掉，and then the role of the elders to govern or rule the church also disappears.长老们是管理的，治理教会这个角色也不见了。

Now let me tell you how some of these charismatic and churches like that preserve the pastor’s role.那我告诉大家一些灵恩派的或者当代敬拜赞美的是怎么样保存着牧师的角色的。As you know，the lights darkened when it’s time for worship，你知道，这些教会开始崇拜的时候灯就关掉了，and then a spotlight focuses on the bottom of the center stage.有一盏灯照亮在台下中间。The pastor said，hello everybody，I’m pastor John Smith，各位，欢迎，我是约翰牧师，today we are going to worship God with the theme，…….今天我们用这个这个主题来敬拜上帝。And he goes very quickly some of the things that they would do.很快他讲一下今天的崇拜。Welcome to the first whatever Pentecostal church of somewhere.欢迎你来第一个神召会，完了。The light goes off，灯熄掉，the worship teams lights come on，they start the band and the music.上面的敬拜团队他们的音乐就开始，就敬拜。

Now that kind of church at least recognizes that outsiders need to know who the pastor is.这种的教会知道外来的人至少要知道谁是牧师来的。OK，So in my own life journey，我自己的心路历程，I tell you，I never worship regularly in a reformed church other than the six years in the church that I started，a very small church.除了我自己开拓一个教会6年以外，我70多年从来没有长期地在一个改革宗的教会敬拜的。I spent five years in the Baptist church，twelve years part time in the Baptist church in Sarawak somewhere.我5年在美国在浸信会，沙捞越进进出出在沙捞越某某浸信会12年。Ok，and so I’ve experienced all kinds of worship services.所以我经历过各种不同的敬拜赞美或者崇拜。Yes，Presbyterian Churches in the PCA.是的，参加过长老会的崇拜。My son and his family goes to a church where the music is so loud，I have to sit in the overflow room.我的儿子跟孙子去的教会的音乐大声到我要坐在另外一间房间。I’m not opposed to love music，我不是反对他们的音乐，it just my heartbeat is too fast.只是我的心跳得太快而已。So I’ve experienced many kinds of worship.我经历过各种不同的敬拜赞美或者是崇拜。

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How do I bring together these two principles？我怎么样把这两个原则结合起来？The pastors and the elders are responsible for the church and for worship.牧师长老是要负责带领敬拜的。On the other hand the entire congregation owns the worship service.另外一方面整个会众是敬拜赞美崇拜的主人。Of course God is the master.当然上帝是主人了。我的意思是说崇拜是属于全会众的。The worship service belongs to the whole congregation.敬拜赞美也是牧师长老要管理的带领的。Worship service is also to be lead by the pastors and the elders.How do you do both？你怎么样两样都做？How do you insist on both？你怎么样坚持这两方面呢？Well，here in Kuching，在这里古晋，In the last four and a half five years，过去四五年哪，I tried to maximize participation by church members men and women in the worship service，我尽可能扩大弟兄跟姐妹参与带领崇拜，but at the same time recognizing there’s a role that pastors and elders or these future elders play，另外一方面也强调有些事情是牧师和长老或者未来的长老去做的，both.两样都有。And it is like I am pulling a rubber band，好像我在拉一个KL，广东话是“xuyon”，橡皮筋拉的很紧，the band is getting stretched and stretched and stretched，authority and office， every person a priest.有权威，有治理，全民皆祭司。Today we tend to neglect the offices of the church，今天的教会比较忽略教会的职分，Pastor， elder，Deacon.牧师，长老，执事。Ok，that’s what I would say on this point.就讲到这里。

Now we move into the elements of worship，现在我们来到讲崇拜的项目或者元素。Page 8，第8页，now you can also refer to the table contents on page two，你也可以看回到第2页看目录，the ten items are，这10项的项目是，draw near to God.亲近神。【43-49:12秒录音听不清。using script prayers祷告，唱诗奉献当祷告of offering见奉献，the sacrament，有圣餐，很特别的presence the congregation needs to turn their hearts to worship god，会众需要预备自己来敬拜神，that preparate latest Saturday最磁性又开始，在奥利巴吗州长老会i stayed in hired air force officer oh yeah go so and give me a bicycle look around风景。By the time i returned到家里的时候呢？I know other than the daughter看到娘母房里面dinner was very他非常的，and then they told me 他们告诉我tomorrow morning after already明天早上星期帮助自他拿东西都有的so i did church教会church，敬拜之后he went and house这位退伍军官的妹妹卡里，when they arrived and he felt mother and a daughter opened up a big basket double house他们就打开一个大的篮子上面是xx，from yesterday昨天已经预备好的，everything，肉菜面包等等。meat vegetables everything is prepared xx tough and very sumptuous他们都想出一个，hear the day that’s called preparate something like of course preparation rate cost more than Pray for yourself pray for how to work。

Now we come to the point where in a sense a worship service formally be，现在我们来到崇拜正式要开始了啊，before that they may be salute可能前面有good panel or organ partnership bank可能风琴、吉他guitar当代音乐队， go run how to worship God calling him come him pen 。宣召意义，召祂的子民来敬拜祂，we use some word圣经的话的，of course normally】

most commonly from the Psalm，最普遍的是用诗篇，but many verses from the prophets，minor and major prophets，are suitable.但是小先知书大先知书有很多的经文都是非常适合用来宣召的。I have a pastor friend，我有一位牧师朋友，One time I attended his church，有一次我参加他的教会的崇拜，Wow！he used some verses that we seldom think about in one of the minor prophets，祂用了小先知书一段的经文我们很少用的，that means this man knows his old testament very well.他旧约很熟哈。So I often tell the choir members：我常常跟诗班员说：you are leading at least helping to lead the congregation in worship，你是在带领或者帮助带领会众敬拜。so just read the old testament so you can know it backwards and forward，你把旧约圣经读到烂熟。50:15 our chairman is a worship跟牧师完全一样的，need to know our Old Testament backwards and forward.我们要对旧约读要烂熟。Because there God tells us who He is，what He’s done many many places，因为旧约多处上帝说我是谁，我做了什么，what I have done in creation，Providence，redemption.我做了什么，——创造的作为、管理宇宙护理眷顾的作为、救赎的作为。

Now in addition to call to worship，除了宣召以外，Some churches have a procession of the choir to come in.有的教会喜欢有诗班入场。I participated in one church like that in Singapore，我也参加过新加坡某某教会，let’s say the worship service begins at 11，譬如说假如是11点钟崇拜的话。prayer for the choir happens at about 10：40.大概10点40分诗班就祷告了。Then they walk to the middle aisle of the congregation，他们就进到会场的中间那条的走路，and I’m the guest preacher and the senior pastor stops at row number ten，我——外来的讲员和主任牧师停在第10行中间，the choir is behind us.诗班在后面。And so they are still teaching people how to sing the hymns for that morning.他们还在练唱当天的要唱的诗歌。Then we wait until the moment comes for us to walk to the platform.我们等到时候到了我们走到台上。Ok，so that church has a very solemn way of announcing that God is here，所以那个教会用一个严肃的方法宣告上帝在这里，through the choir coming in.透过诗班进来。I’m not saying that’s the right way or the wrong way，我没有说这个是对或者是错，for the Bible don’t talk about choirs，因为圣经没有讲诗班的，not the role of the choir.特别没有讲诗班的角色。Yes，there are Levites to sing in the Temple.是的，利未人在圣殿里面歌唱。

OK，so worship call to worship，宣召，and some churches like to follow the example of John Calvin，有些教会喜欢跟加尔文的榜样，that is they begin the worship service with a confession of sin，一开始敬拜先是认罪祷告，so that people feel that they’re not worthy to come to draw near，so they ask for forgiveness first.他们感觉到自己不配，所以先求上帝赦免他们的罪。That is one way but not the only way.这个是很好的方法，但是不是唯一的方法。Because there is another principle we have to observe，因为我们有另外一个原则是要遵守的，and that is worship is in a sense objective.第二个原则是敬拜是客观的。Now the way in which you confess your sins first is subjective.你先认罪祷告那个是比较主观的。I’m not worthy，我不配，so Jesus，please forgive my sins so I can join you to God.耶稣先赦免了罪我才配来到亲近神。The objective principle is，但是客观的原则是，God is here whether you like it or not.你喜欢不喜欢都好，上帝就在这里。God is with his people，神在祂的子民中间，God has come.上帝来。Let our words be few，Ecclesiastes tells us，传道书说，你的话要稀少，come with awe and reverence，以敬畏畏惧的心来到神的面前，sing with joy and Thanksgiving.以喜乐欢喜快乐赞美祂感恩。So both principles are from the Bible.这两个原则都在圣经里面的。

We come unworthy，we come as sinners，我们来不配我们是罪人，but God is here，神在，He’s a glorious God.祂是荣耀的神。The small catechism says：小要理问答说：What is God ？神是什么？God is a spirit，infinite，eternal and unchangeable in his being，wisdom，power，holiness，justice，goodness and truth.神是个灵，祂自己祂的智慧、权能、圣洁、公义、美善跟真理都是无限的、不变的和永恒的。That is God.这个是神。And He has chosen to be with the congregation at worship.当祂的会众聚集敬拜时，祂选择祂的旨意是祂在。And so that is what a more majestic call to worship is saying：所以一个比较庄严的宣召是在讲这个原则：God is here，神在这里，and then we respond，we praise and then confessing our sins.我们回应，我们赞美上帝，然后承认我们的罪。

As you can tell，I prefer the second approach.你大概听得懂了我是喜欢第二个方法的。Because I have come to appreciate my seminary president Edmund Clowney’s biblical theology.因为我在威敏斯特神学院，我的院长是教圣经神学的。God comes down to mountain Sinai，神从天上降临在西乃山，with smoke，lightning，thunder，fire.有烟云、闪电、雷声。The people draw near，人来，Moses goes up.摩西上山。God comes first， we come in response.神先来，我们跟着回应来。God speaks and we respond.神先讲话，我们回应。Ok，so both principles，两个原则，they’re both biblical.两个都是符合圣经的。

So there’s also hymns of praise.我们有赞美的诗歌。Many Presbyterian churches like to begin the worship service with doxology，很多长老会一开始第一首诗歌是《三一颂》的，many Baptist churches sing at the end.很多浸信会在最后唱的。There’s no right way where you sing doxology.你在哪里唱三一颂圣经没有告诉你的。I’m just trying to say that there is a sense in which the worship service is objective，God is holy no matter what，so let’s come.我们有一个客观的敬拜观，神是圣洁荣耀的，无论我们怎么样，你喜欢不喜欢上帝，圣洁的上帝就在这里。Most churches sing the first hymn as a hymn of praise.大部分的教会第一首的诗歌是赞美的诗歌。

I attended and served in the dispensationalist church for many，many years，很多年我在一个时代论的教会服侍，and the Pastor concentrates on preaching about the second coming，rapture，the millennium，and so on。这个创堂牧师喜欢讲主再来、千禧年、被提等等。So very often the first opening hymn is，♪♪♪ He’s coming soon，He’s coming soon，“主必再来”是第一首诗歌。Now you may have noticed that here at this church I have begun to choose hymn like that as the closing hymn，大家有没有注意到我开始唱一些主再来的诗歌的，散会之前，to declare our hope.宣告我们的盼望。We should declare our hope waiting when Jesus come back，我们应该宣告我们等候耶稣基督再来的，closing is a very appropriate moment to sing that kind of Hymn.散会之前唱这些诗歌是非常的适合的。Now praise is to talk to God，about God，for God，赞美就是朝向神讲关于神祂自己，为了神的荣耀。

I already told you some of God’s attributes，刚才已经讲过一些上帝的属性，holiness，wisdom，power，对不起，wisdom，power，holiness， justice，goodness and truth in Him being infinitely eternal and unchangeable.上帝是充满着智慧的、大能的、圣洁的、公义的、美善有爱心的，祂是真理，祂是无限的、永恒的、不变的。So the hymns that we choose，所以我们选什么诗歌，the Bible verses that we read，我们读什么经文，we need to consider all of these attributes，我们要考虑这些的10多个属性，and I just gave you the definition of God’s attributes for children，it’s called a short Catechism.刚才读的那个十多个属性是给小孩子的，叫小要理。The larger Catechism is much longer，大要理更长，and the confession of faith much，much longer，fifty or sixty attributes.信仰告白里面的神的属性差不多五六十个。